Yes you can. At Antwerp station there are no gates so you don't need to scan anything.
Gates for traveling by train are in the Netherlands, not in Belgium. Actually, to some extent, only at Zaventem, Brussels Airport, ;-)
Have a nice time. Bruges and Antwerp are great to discover.
It rather looks like a QR code is assigned to each route segment, and not to a station or train. You're allowed to break your journey at each intermediate station (also at stations with local services only), so assigning a code to each station would be strange.
They’re all the same code and ticket except for specific international journeys, but the app always displays the separate buttons. It’s one of the idiotic ways the NSI app functions.
Also do take a few minutes to look at the Antwerp station itself, nickname the railway cathedral. It has trains on at least 3 different levels, your train from NL will arrive at the deepest, in a tunnel. Best views are upper level in the old main hall, then you´ll understand this name. It is right beside the main centre street, Keyserlei.
In Brugge the station is some distant away from the old centre though
Bruges has a free shuttle service from the station to the city center and back. Usually with only a few people on board.
https://www.brugge.be/shuttlebus